Applications Research

Published applications of BGB Ultra™

Researchers from all over the world have used our cellulose nanocrystals in a dizzying array of applications.  The links below have summaries of the published research.

Application Areas

3D Printing

  1. Reconfigurable Printed Liquids
  2. Effects of Cellulose Nanocrystal and Inorganic Nanofillers on the Morphological and Mechanical Properties of Digital Light Processing (DLP) 3D-Printed Photopolymer Composites

Batteries

  1. Lithium Iron Phosphate/Carbon (LFP/C) Composite Using Nanocellulose as a Reducing Agent and Carbon Source

Biomedicine

  1. Modification of small diameter vascular graft by heparin and nanocellulose
  2. Nanocellulose reinforced gellan-gum hydrogels as potential biological substitutes for annulus fibrous tissue regeneration
  3. Renal Specific RNAi Delivery by Fibrillar Nanoparticle Excipients
  4. Fibrillar pharmacology of functionalized nanocellulose
  5. Functionalized Nanocellulose Drives Neural Stem Cells toward Neuronal Differentiation
  6. Nanocellulose-Based Biomedical Scaffolds in Future Bioeconomy: A Techno-Legal Assessment of the State-of-the-Art
  7. 3D-Printed composite scaffolds based on poly(ε-caprolactone) filled with poly(glutamic acid)-modified cellulose nanocrystals for improved bone tissue regeneration
  8. Poly(Lactic Acid) and Nanocrystalline Cellulose Methacrylated Particles for Preparation of Cryogelated and 3D-Printed Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering
  9. Designing antimicrobial biomembranes via clustering amino-modified cellulose nanocrystals on silk fibroin β-sheets
  10. Comparison of Autografts and Biodegradable 3D-Printed Composite Scaffolds with Osteoconductive Properties for Tissue Regeneration in Bone Tuberculosis
  11. Mechanical Optimization and Characterization of Injectable Cellulose-Reinforced Calcium Phosphate Bone Cements
  12. Chemical Modification of Nanocrystalline Cellulose for Manufacturing of Osteoconductive Composite Materials
  13. In Vitro and in Vivo Analyses of the Effects of Source, Length, and Charge on the Cytotoxicity and Immunocompatibility of Cellulose Nanocrystals

Characterization

  1. Benchmarking Cellulose Nanocrystals: From the Laboratory to Industrial Production
  2. Determination of nanoparticle size using Rayleigh approximation and Mie theory
  3. Determining the complex refractive index of cellulose nanocrystals by combination of Beer-Lambert and immersion matching methods
  4. Production routes to tailor the performance of cellulose nanocrystals
  5. Benchmarking Cellulose Nanocrystals Part II: New Industrially Produced Materials

Coatings

  1. Enabling zero added-coalescent waterborne acrylic coatings with cellulose nanocrystals
  2. Strength and Moisture-Related Properties of Filter Paper Coated with Nanocellulose
  3. Performance of Advanced Waterborne Wood Coatings Reinforced with Cellulose Nanocrystals
  4. Incorporating cellulose nanocrystals into waterborne acrylic coatings towards eco-friendly formulations

Comparison

  1. Extraction and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Cellulose from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch and its Potential as Adsorbent for Dye Removal
  2. Isolation and Surface Modification of Nanocellulose: Necessity of Enzymes over Chemicals
  3. Enzymatically-Mediated Co-Production of Cellulose Nanocrystals and Fermentable Sugars
  4. Sustainable stabilization of oil in water emulsions by cellulose nanocrystals synthesized from deep eutectic solvents
  5. Emulsion Stabilization with Functionalized Cellulose Nanoparticles Fabricated Using Deep Eutectic Solvents
  6. Fabrication of regenerated cellulose nanoparticles by mechanical disintegration of cellulose after dissolution and regeneration from a deep eutectic solvent
  7. Functionalized cellulose nanoparticles in the stabilization of oil-in-water emulsions : bio-based approach to chemical oil spill response
  8. Cellulose Nanocrystals: From Classical Hydrolysis to the Use of Deep Eutectic Solvents
  9. Waste paper: An underutilized but promising source for nanocellulose mining
  10. Characterization of nanocellulose production by strains of Komagataeibacter sp. isolated from organic waste and Kombucha
  11. Preparation and Surface Functionalization of Carboxylated Cellulose Nanocrystals
  12. Biorefinery aspects for cost-effective production of nanocellulose and high value-added biocomposites
  13. Recent Progress in Production Methods for Cellulose Nanocrystals: Leading to More Sustainable Processes
  14. Industrial-scale fabrication and functionalization of nanocellulose
  15. Cellulose Nanocrystals from Sugar Cane Bagasse Using Organic and/or Inorganic Acids: Techno-Economic Analysis and Life Cycle Assessment
  16. Production routes to tune cellulose nanocrystal properties and their performance at high temperatures
  17. Using a systematic review to develop a cellulose nanocrystals production framework for use as a design baseline and optimization tool
  18. Production of a nascent cellulosic material from vegetable waste: Synthesis, characterization, functional properties, and its potency for a cationic dye removal
  19. Process design for the obtention of Stipa Ichu celullose nanofibers
  20. Recent advances in sustainable preparation of cellulose nanocrystals via solid acid hydrolysis: A mini-review
  21. Production of nanocellulose from supramolecularly delignified wood
  22. ASSESSMENT OF FUNGI GROWTH ON CELLULOSE NANOFIBERS

Composites

  1. Obtaining and characterization of polycaprolactone with nanocellulose microcomposite
  2. Electrospun Nanofibers Made of Silver Nanoparticles, Cellulose Nanocrystals, and Polyacrylonitrile as Substrates for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering
  3. Nanocrystalline Cellulose/Polyvinylpyrrolidone Fibrous Composites Prepared by Electrospinning and Thermal Crosslinking
  4. PGlu-Modified Nanocrystalline Cellulose Improves Mechanical Properties, Biocompatibility, and Mineralization of Polyester-Based Composites
  5. Composite Biomaterials Based on Poly(L-Lactic Acid) and Functionalized Cellulose Nanocrystals
  6. Level enhancement of sound transmission class of fiber reinforced polyester composite by adding nanocellulose
  7. Effect of Cellulose Nanocrystals on the Mechanical Properties of Polymeric Composites
  8. Characterization of nanocellulose and barium hexaferrite reinforced silicone rubber composites
  9. Mechanical and Water Resistance Performance of Physically Cross-Linked Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Composite with Poly(Dopamine) Modified Cellulose Nanocrystals
  10. Effect of cellulose nano crystal and graphene nano platelets on thermal properties of unsaturated polyester resin reinforced kenaf fibre biocomposites
  11. Processing and characterization of nanocellulose composites: The leap from poly (lactic acid) to polyamide 6
  12. Mechanical and physical properties of unsaturated polyester reinforced kenaf core fiber with hybrid cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) and graphene Nanoplatelet(GNP) nanofillers
  13. Cellulose Nano Crystal/Graphene Nano Platelets Hybrid Nanofillers reinforced Polylactic Acid Biocomposites: Mechanical and Morphological Properties
  14. Robust mechanical and water responsive mechanically adaptive property of physically cross-linked sustainable nanocellulose composites
  15. Performance analysis of nanocellulose and barium hexaferrite-based silicon rubber composite
  16. Thermal Properties of Unsaturated Polyester Reinforced Kenaf Core Fiber with Hybrid Nanofillers of Cellulose Nanocrystal and Graphene Nanoplatelet
  17. Effect of Polydopamine Coating of Cellulose Nanocrystals on Performance of PCL/PLA Bio-Nanocomposites

Concrete

  1. EFFECTS ON RHEOLOGY AND HYDRATION OF THE ADDITION OF CELLULOSE NANOCRYSTALS (CNC) IN PORTLAND CEMENT PASTES
  2. The Influence of Cellulose Nanocrystals on the Hydration and Flexural Strength of Portland Cement Pastes
  3. Rheological impact of using cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) in cement pastes
  4. THE INFLUENCE OFCELLULOSE NANOCRYSTALS ON PERFORMANCE AND TRANSPORT PROPERTIES OF CEMENTITIOUS MATERIALS AND GYPSUM
  5. Mechanical behaviour of masonry assemblages built with mortar containing anti-freeze admixtures subject to sub-freezing curing temperatures
  6. DRYING BEHAVIOR OF 3D PRINTED CEMENTITIOUS PASTES CONTAINING CELLULOSE NANOCRYSTALS
  7. Interfacial interactions and reinforcing mechanisms of cellulose and chitin nanomaterials and starch derivatives for cement and concrete strength and durability enhancement: A review
  8. Self-Healing Efficiency of Cementitous Mortar Using Different Bacteria Protection Methods and Mineral Precursors
  9. Identification of Likely Alternative Supplementary Cementitious Materials in California: A Review of Supplies, Technical Performance in Concrete, Economic, and Climatic Considerations

Drilling Fluids

  1. Surface-Chemistry-Tuned Cellulose Nanocrystals in a Bentonite Suspension for Water-Based Drilling Fluids
  2. Cellulose Nanocrystal–Polyelectrolyte Hybrids for Bentonite Water-Based Drilling Fluids
  3. Thermothickening Drilling Fluids Containing Bentonite and Dual-Functionalized Cellulose Nanocrystals
  4. Overcoming Salt Contamination of Bentonite Water-Based Drilling Fluids with Blended Dual-Functionalized Cellulose Nanocrystals

Films

  1. Cationic surface modification of cellulose nanocrystals: Toward tailoring dispersion and interface in carboxymethyl cellulose films
  2. Hybrid solar cells based on nanocellulose and titania nanoparticles
  3. Tunable d-Limonene Permeability in Starch-Based Nanocomposite Films Reinforced by Cellulose Nanocrystals
  4. Characterization of cyclic olefin copolymer‐coated chitosan bilayer films containing nanocellulose and grape seed extract
  5. Development of Chitosan and Polycaprolactone based active bilayer films enhanced with nanocellulose and grape seed extract
  6. The effects of chitosan- and polycaprolactone-based bilayer films incorporated with grape seed extract and nanocellulose on the quality of chicken breast fillets
  7. Properties of Solvent Cast Polycaprolactone Films Containing Pomegranate Seed Oil Stabilized with Nanocellulose
  8. Functionalization of LC molecular films with nanocrystalline cellulose: A study of the self-assembly processes and molecular stability
  9. Active whey protein isolate films including bergamot oil emulsion stabilized by nanocellulose
  10. Fabrication of κ‐carrageenan and whey protein isolate‐based films reinforced with nanocellulose: optimization via RSM
  11. Active Chitosan/Polycaprolactone Bilayer Films Including D-Limonene and Nanocellulose
  12. Development of chitosan and polycaprolactone based trilayer biocomposite films for food packaging applications
  13. Surface characterization of nanocomposite Langmuir films based on liquid crystals and cellulose nanocrystals
  14. Fabrication of Translucid Gold-Nanocellulose Electrodes and Their Potential Application as Hydrogen Peroxide Sensor
  15. CARACTERIZAÇÃO REOLÓGICA E MORFOLÓGICA DENANOCELULOSE DA CASCA DE CACAU PARA APLICAÇÃO NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE FILMES BIODEGRADÁVEIS
  16. High-Performance Biocomposite Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Films Modified with Cellulose Nanocrystals (CNCs), Tannic Acid (TA), and Chitosan (CS) for Food Packaging
  17. Composition of cellulose nanocrystals and carboxymethyl cellulose
  18. Starch and whey protein isolate films including an aroma compound stabilized by nanocellulose
  19. Long-range order in nanocellulose films and coatings for next generation materials
  20. Recyclable and biodegradable smart electronic circuits on flexible substrates
  21. Uniaxial orientation of cellulose nanocrystals by zone-casting technique
  22. The anchoring effect and cooperative interactions in 5CB/CNC molecular films

Flotation

  1. Thiol-Silylated Cellulose Nanocrystals as Selective Biodepressants in Froth Flotation

Food

  1. 17 - Applications in food products

Fuel Cells

  1. Comparison of structural, thermal and proton conductivity properties of micro- and nanocelluloses
  2. Proton conductivity and proton dynamics in nanocrystalline cellulose functionalized with imidazole
  3. The kinetics of thermal processes in imidazole-doped nanocrystalline cellulose solid proton conductor
  4. Solid electrolytes based on cellulose nanocrystals with protic ionic liquid for next-generation fuel cells
  5. Exploring Enhanced Oxygen Reduction Reactions: A Study on Nanocellulose, Dopamine, and Cobalt Complex-Derived Non-Precious Electrocatalyst

Heat Transfer Fluids

  1. Investigation on effective thermal conductivity and relative viscosity of cellulose nanocrystal as a nanofluidic thermal transport through a combined experimental – Statistical approach by using Response Surface Methodology
  2. Thermophysical properties measurement of nano cellulose in ethylene glycol/water
  3. Multi-objective optimization on the machining parameters for bio-inspired nanocoolant
  4. Thermal analysis of cellulose nanocrystal-ethylene glycol nanofluid coolant
  5. A review on preparation of nanocellulose for new green working fluid in heat transfer application
  6. Experimental Studies on Thermo-Physical Properties of Nanocellulose–Aqueous Ethylene Glycol Nanofluids
  7. Experimental investigation of stability and thermal properties of nanocellulose-water nanofluid
  8. Evaluation of Specific Heat Capacity and Density for Cellulose Nanocrystal-based Nanofluid
  9. Analysis of efficiency enhancement of flat plate solar collector using crystal nano-cellulose (CNC) nanofluids
  10. Enhancing Heat Transfer in Compact Automotive Engines using Hybrid Nano Coolants
  11. Numerical study of a combined Photovoltaic thermal system using cellulose Nanocrystal (CNC) Nano-fluid
  12. Enhancing Thermal Properties: A Comprehensive Study on Cellulose Nanocrystal Nanofluids

Inks

  1. Aqueous Cellulose Nanocrystal-Colloidal Au Inks for 2D Printed Photothermia

Lubrication

  1. Thermal analysis of SUS 304 stainless steel using ethylene glycol/nanocellulose-based nanofluid coolant
  2. An experimental study on characterization and properties of nano lubricant containing Cellulose Nanocrystal (CNC)
  3. Statistical approach for prediction of thermal properties of CNC and CNC-CuO nanolubricant using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

Measurement

  1. Microcrystalline cellulose for the dispersive solid-phase microextraction and sensitive determination of chromium in water using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry
  2. Platinum Nanoparticle Decorated Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)/Cellulose Nanocrystal Nanohybrid for Electrochemical Sensing of Dopamine

Membranes

  1. EFFECT OF DEGREE OF SULFONATION IN NANOCELLULOSE/CHITOSAN COMPOSITE ON ADSORPTION OF CATIONIC DYE AS OPIOID SIMULANT
  2. Role of Cellulose Micro and Nano Crystals in Thin Film and Support Layer of Nanocomposite Membranes for Brackish Water Desalination

Modification

  1. Nanocrystalline Cellulose-Derived Doped Carbonaceous Material for Rapid Mineralization of Nitrophenols under Visible Light

Sensors

  1. In-situ synthesis of Pt nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide/cellulose nanohybrid for nonenzymatic glucose sensing

Smart Materials

  1. Development of stimuli-responsive cellulose nanocrystals hydrogels for smart applications
  2. Facile fabrication of shape-stabilized polyethylene glycol/cellulose nanocrystal phase change materials based on thiol-ene click chemistry and solvent exchange
  3. Waterproof Phase Change Material with a Facilely Incorporated Cellulose Nanocrystal/Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Network for All-Weather Outdoor Thermal Energy Storage
  4. A Wearable Strain Sensor Based on Electroconductive Hydrogel Composites for Human Motion Detection

Surface Modification

  1. Functionalization of cellulose nanocrystals for advanced applications
  2. Grafting polycaprolactone diol onto cellulose nanocrystals via click chemistry: Enhancing thermal stability and hydrophobic property
  3. Flexible and Tough Cellulose Nanocrystal/Polycaprolactone Hybrid Aerogel Based on the Strategy of Macromolecule Cross-Linking via Click Chemistry
  4. Surface Modification for the Hydrophobization of Cellulose Nanocrystals Using Radiation-Induced Grafting
  5. Chemical modification of nanocrystalline cellulose for improved interfacial compatibility with poly(lactic acid)
  6. Aqueous bifunctionalization of cellulose nanocrystals through amino and alkyl silylation: functionalization, characterization, and performance of nanocrystals in quartz microflotation

Tribology

  1. Study on friction and wear of Cellulose Nanocrystal (CNC) nanoparticle as lubricating additive in engine oil
  2. Hybrid Nanocellulose-Copper (II) Oxide as Engine Oil Additives for Tribological Behavior Improvement
  3. Enhancement of Tribological Behaviour and Thermal Properties of Hybrid Nanocellulose/Copper (II) Oxide Nanolubricant
  4. Graphene nanoplatelets–cellulose nanocrystals in engine oil for automotive applications
  5. Improving the thermophysical properties of hybrid nanocellulose-copper (II) oxide (CNC-CuO) as a lubricant additives: A novel nanolubricant for tribology application
  6. Enhancing stability and tribological applications using hybrid nanocellulose-copper (II) oxide (CNC-CuO) nanolubricant: An approach towards environmental sustainability

Water Treatment

  1. Poly-β-Cyclodextrin Functionalized Nanocellulose for Efficient Removal of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals
  2. Cellulose nanocrystals: source, production and application as a coagulant for water purification
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